Identify and discuss all of the relevant employment law issues raised Research Paper

Identify and discuss all of the relevant employment law issues raised in the above scenario. What advice would you give to Chris Be sure to substantiate your answer by reference to decided cases - Research Paper Example However both the employer and employee are governed by and have different rights, duties and responsibilities under various laws concerning health and safety, discrimination etc. Benefits such as salary, overtime and other compensation must also be worked out and paid. The case at hand will focus on the rights and duties of Chris and Bill under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 & 2005 and the Equality Act 2010, also referring to decisions in related cases as to the remedies available for both employer and employee. A contract of employment is a written document given by the employer to the employee governing the terms of employment. The general terms often relate to nature of work, duties and responsibilities, place of work and compensation and benefits etc. If there is no written contract of employment, the terms of employment are then governed by the law of the land and the general conditions of employment as applicable in that specific sector of industry that the employee is working under. It is important that the employee know his rights and duties and wherever possible insist that the terms of employment be in writing. This helps in the quick resolution of disputes should any occur later on. The employee can demand that the terms of employment be put in the form of a written agreement after two weeks of commencing employment at a new workplace (www.direct.gov.uk). Previously there was hardly any written law governing the terms of employment in the UK. Cases used to be decided by precedent or in the light of the particular individual circumstances applicable to the case as deemed by the Judge presiding over it. However certain extenuating circumstances demanded that the law be codified. For example, the right to serve notice or terminate an employee, the right to claim rights and damages for unfair dismissal, keeping trade secrets, not joining certain competitors and so forth all called for the laws

Practice of investment management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Practice of investment management - Essay Example This change in the interest rate is also notable in the federal rate. The hike in the federal rate does not have a major immediate effect in the stock market of the US. This suggests that in short term, the impact of federal rates on the equity indices is not as prominent as deemed. However, it has a gradual, but significant impact on equity indices of the nation in the long term. In this regard, it is notable that the hike in the federal rate leads to the increase in the equity indices of the nation at large. The data collected from Bloomberg L. P. (2015) reveals that there has been an increasing trend in the federal fund rates in the US within the last one year i.e., from March, 2014. This is eminent from the increasing linear slope through graphical representations of the data. The underneath graphical representation depicts the same in a compressed but elaborative form. The set of valuable data collected from Market Watch, Inc (2015) also suggests that there has been an increasing trend in the NYSE Equity indices from March 2014. Further, a trend analysis of the collected data predicts that there would be an increase in the equity market in the long run i.e. 2 years. The quantitative analysis predicts that equity indices of NYSE would increase to 11521.72 points. However, it is also estimated that the increasing trend would not have a major impact on the short-term operations, which can be 3 months in general. The statistical analysis predicts that after three months i.e. May 2015, the NYSE equity index would have 11012.05 points. Correspondingly, increase in the equity market through the rise in the federal fund rates is also proved with the help of positive correlation between the two variables. The correlation value determined is 0.319133833 (Market Watch Inc, 2015). The underneath graphical representation depicts the short term (3 months) and

Terms of Reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terms of Reference - Essay Example In this regard, the notion of â€Å"zero hours contract† will be elaborated as an effective measure or solution. A qualitative approach of research methodology will be taken into concern for completing the study with focusing on varied secondary sources. These secondary sources may comprise reviewing varied scholarly based journal articles and books relating to the notion of zero works contract and also the online websites of the selected company i.e. Control Risks, wherein the company published about the problem. It is projected that by reviewing such secondary sources, a detailed understanding can be made regarding appropriate utilization of zero hours contract within the aforesaid security company, which will aid in mitigating and improving the above identified problem facing by the company. According to Brinkley (2014), the idea of Zero Hours Contract is regarded as a type of work contract, which is especially followed with varied companies. This type of working agreement especially refers to an on-call agreement between the employers and the employees of a specific organization. It is worth mentioning that the prime facet of zero hours contract is ascertained to be forming as well as developing an informal relationship between employers and employees facilitating employees to solve varied problems like ineffective communication between these organizational members due to increased level of involvement in corruption. There are several legal risk factors that can be related with this type of work contract. The temporary vacancy in a company has been fulfilled by the process of zero hours working contract (Brinkley, 2014). In relation to the above context, the importance of zero hours contract is found to be quite useful in several working sectors. Thus, it can be affirmed that the zero hours contact can found its applicability in the security company i.e. Control Risks, which will aid in improving the above stated problem facing by the company in the

Race in wold war II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Race in wold war II - Essay Example However, the situation at America and other European powers at home was same that consisted of discrimination against all ethnic minorities and their segregation from  the mainstream  of the society.   When America announced its participation in Second World War, most of the members of the ethnic minorities were divided regarding joining army to defend their country. There were many members of ethnic minorities, who had joined in serving their country during World War I in hopes, that government would treat them equally after winning the war.  However, the government did not fulfil their hopes (Jepson). Some people joined  voluntarily,  and some people were drafted in the service.  However, the discrimination treatment continued in Army.   Most of the Black people and others were assigned menial job. They were drivers, cooks and others. The officers and others continued to show contempt and discriminated against them at every given opportunity. There were very few black soldiers who fought side by side in Pacific or other war theatres.  However, they proved to be very good  organizers,  and they changed the results in allies favour with their ingenuity.  However, they were also discriminated against by the people whom they defended in Europe as well as in Pacific (Jefferson). The main aspect of life where the attitude towards the race affected in war was the indifference shown by  the large  number of members from ethnic minorities in America.  There were very few people who were interested in joining defense  services  and serve  their country (Jefferson). Most of the veterans who had participated in previous war stayed at home. The soldiers who  learned organizational  skills in the army used them to organize various movements back home for equal rights and facilities.   Jefferson, Robert F. Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry

Buddhism and Christianity Essay Example for Free

Buddhism and Christianity Essay Thesis: While both Christianity and Buddhism were religions that encourages kindness and renunciation of wealth, Christianity caused a stir with Jesus’ hatred against the greedy rich and powerful and his alliance with the lower class, which eventually lead to his execution, whereas Buddhism’s leader, Buddha, spread a message that was not threatening to the high class, letting him live his life until his natural death at 80. This Venn diagram compares and contrasts Buddhism and Christianity. It represents my key knowledge and thinking skills by showing my ability to diagnose important similarities and differences between the two major religions, My Venn diagram is okay, but there is room for improvement. It lists some key similarities and differences, but they are worded in an awkward manner. Christianity Christianity * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion  * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion Changes Changes Continuities Continuities * Strong denial of gods of other Religions * The Bible stayed a constant Main religious text for Christianity * Extremely Monotheistic * * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore  * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. Changes Changes Continuities Continuities Hinduism Hinduism Open to everyone * Caste system * Intentional misinterpretation of Hindu texts To keep patriarchy Thesis: While Christianity and Hinduism both had continuities of (respectively) a strong sense of denial of other religions’ gods and a strong caste system, both had major changes such as going from a heavily persecuted religion to the Roman Empire’s official religion and switching from animal sacrifices to personal sacrifices. The two tables show changes and continuities for two  major religions, Christianity and Hinduism. The table shows my key thinking skills by being able to point out key continuities and changes. My Table is a little bit sparse on the continuities side, but the changes for Christianity are plentiful. I need to work on researching with more effort. Thesis: Although the four main religions, Buddhism, Brahmanism, Hinduism and Christianity affected the role of women, the poor social role of women outside of church was uniform in all the regions of these religions. Patriarchy is very much alive in all of them. My spoke diagram shows a variety of religions. The statements are also positive and negative towards patriarchy. It shows my key thinking skills by displaying quotes for all the statements. My spoke diagram could use more statements, five seems like enough, but more would be better. I think I did a great job on putting quotes for all the statements. Analyze similarities and differences in attitudes and treatment towards women in TWO of the following societies in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) or Analyze similarities and differences in methods of political control in TWO of the following empires in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) cause of the cast system and its traditions, India had more of a social code of conduct instead of rigid laws. Tradition of having local princes also was a cause of the fall of the Maurya Empire, because they made it easier to rebel against the main government China During the HAN dynasty, Confucianism came back into government with high sights on education, the tradition of using the mandate of heaven ensured that the Han Empire fell by 3rd century CE. And the Qin Empire fell in a mere 20 years since he lost his mandate of heaven Confucianism taught orderly society with relationships. The tradition of bureaucracy in the Chinese government kept power in the wealthy class. * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause Effect * Christians were expelled from the Roman Empire * Theodosius made Christianity the  Roman Empire’s Official religion * St. Paul wished to make Christianity A major religion * St. Paul wanted to spread the Religion throughoutCause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Cause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Roman Empire Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas Cause * Buddha traveled in India * After Buddha’s death monks also traveled in India * Monks traveled along the Silk Road * Asoka was appalled by the bloody Battle of Kalinga Thesis: Although both Christianity and Buddhism spread along the Silk Road, Christianity moved along this trade network because of exiled Christians who were seeking a home away from the Roman Empire, whereas Buddhism spread voluntarily, with monks successfully trying to convert the Chinese. The cause and effect table lists the causes and the effects of the spread of two major religions, Buddhism and Christianity. It displays my abilities to  make connections to major effects and their causes. The table is okay. It has four causes and effects for both religions, which is not great. For Buddhism, it seems a little too focused on monks traveling to spread Buddhism. Thesis: Although both China and India’s political systems were influenced by tradition, India’s caste system created no need for laws, while the qin dynasty’s legalistic system created very rigid ones. The two flowcharts show a continual effect of tradition or religion on India and China’s political systems. It displays my abilities to connect separate events into one continuous lineage of facts. The flowcharts do point out main ideas I was trying to display, but they seem a little bit incoherent at times.

The Rationales And Strategies For Change Management Essay

The Rationales And Strategies For Change Management Essay In this highly competitive global market organizations are pron to any change in global economic environment. The rise of highly efficient global and domestic competitors, the rapid technological development and global economic downturn like that of 2007, are some of external and internal pressures that have forced organizations to change the way they manage their business processes. In order to increase their efficiency, minimize their operation cost and increase their competitiveness, organizations are going through changes such as Downsizing, implementing new technology or merger. Considering the current economic downturn many organizations took drastic measure to insure their survival in the global market by downsizing their operation to the level where they can stay competitive. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the rationale behind organizations going through change and the strategy implemented by organization. Accordingly, the paper examined the rationale and strategies used by changing organizations: GM Holden, Ford and Fletcher building supply, due the current economic crisis. Organizational change-Downsizing For decades because of instability in the global business environment organizations often finds themselves facing the need to change their way of operations. The current economic crisis which started in 2007 was a good scenario where many organizations had to take Transformative change to counter slowing global economy (Brown and Harvey 2001). The demand for product and services worldwide slammed to the lowest level which forced organizations to downsize their operations and employee number in order to minimize their operational costs. In 2009 car manufacturing company GM-Holden downsized its vehicle production to 310 a day. Holden closed its afternoon shift and operate only one shift per day. Even though Holden downsized its vehicle production it managed to keep its 3000 workforce at Elizabeth plant. The production line operates in two teams, each working one week on and one week off (The Age 2009). Similarly Ford car manufacturing company cut a round 350 employees in 2008 and close d it Geelong engine manufacturing plant in 2010 (The Age 2008). The other organization to downsize in 2009 was Fletcher Building Supply Company where a bout 2500 staff members was slashed across all operations inline with falling demand for building material around the world (The Australian 2009). From the above example we can clearly see that downsizing was the strategy implemented in countering the challenges these organizations were facing in the global market. Downsizing is a set of activities designed to improve organizations performance and by scaling down business processes, workforce and operational costs (Farrell and Mavondo 2005). In case of Holden the company prefer to keep its employee while it reduces the output while Ford and Fletcher prefer to downsize their employee and close down some of their operations. The rational for the change including external and internal pressures? According Chief executive Jonathan Ling of Fletcher (2009), due to slowing down in construction of residential houses around the world the company have taken a range of initiative to scale down manufacturing capacity of the company by retrenching workers and closing down braches to keep the profit margin. This was echoed by Ford spokeswoman Sinead McAlary (2008) who claims that the demand in six-cylinder vehicle and further deterioration in global economy forced Ford to shade some employee and closed down its engine manufacturing plant in Geelong. According to Holdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Spokesman Scott Whiffing (2009), Holden downsized its volume of production due to the falling demand of its V6 vehicles and the scraping of its G8 US lucrative export deal by its Parent company General Motors (GM). In addition, the increasing demand for smaller and fuel efficient cars in global market forced Holden to shift from manufacturing bigger fuel consuming cars to small cars that are economical for consumers. From the above reasons given by these organizations, global financial crisis was the external factor causing companies to take drastic transformative changes in order to survive in this highly competitive global market. The internal reason is the need to satisfy their shareholders by cutting costs to keep the profit margin. In addition, these organizations fail to have vision in to the demand of the market place. Car manufacturing companies like Holden and Ford failed to notice the shift in demand before the financial crisis hit the global market. This allows companies like to Toyota to easily out pace Holden and Ford and become dominant in the market place. Change Strategy used by Organization There are different strategies to implement planned organizational changes. It could be either incremental or transformative change strategy. In the case of Holden the company has implemented Participative change which is incremental transformation. During downsizing employees were participating in the planning of the change and they show willingness to work one week on and off to help the company challenge the current economic slowdown. Holden managed to keep it work force which will enables the company to cope with production of new small cars in 2010 (The Age 2009). In the case of Ford it uses Dictorial transformation strategy to implement its transformative change from being only a large car maker to add small car to its line-up by 2011. Similarly Fletcher is undergoing Dictorial transformation by downsizing its employee and closing down its manufacturing to insure its balance sheet is up float. According to Fletcher, it would also impose a freeze on remaining staff salaries and directors fees for 2010. 2.0 Comparing the Rationales and Strategies Are there commonalities that emerge? Despite of different strategies companies could implement during in need of change to secure their survival, there is a trend emerging where downsizing seem the only solution exercised by many CEO during time of crisis. Most organizations cut back their work processes or their worker during economic down turn, however researches shows down sizing is becoming a common practice regardless of the status of the economic environment(Jeffrey and Pfeffer 2010). Only one in six organizations interviewed in 1995 responded not to have downsized between 1993 and 1995(Bordia, Hobman, Paulsen, and Tourish, 2004). For example Fletcher decision to downsize their production and manpower, seems that the company was following what other organization was doing in the global market. The organization was reacting to the temporary problem arisen during the financial crisis. The shrinking market for large vehicles around the world forced car manufacturing company like Ford to lay off their worker and close down their worker. The downsizing was in response to drop in demand and due to shift of product market. Similarly Holden reacted to the crisis by cutting down product size. In all cases above, downsizing was the solution use by these organizations to cut their operational cost. It seems that they all have the same reason why they implement downsizing as strategy to face the financial but they have different way implementing it. Are some rationales and strategies presented as more legitimate than the others? In your option why might be the case? Some of the rationale and strategy presented are more legitimate than the others. If we take in the case of Holden the organization seem to understand the rationale well when they implemented downsizing as their strategy. It is important they cut down their production volume however since the problem is temporary the solution is also temporary. Holden use the situation as their advantage to structure their business processes and prepare for the future competition in the global market. The reason behind not to let go of their worker was firstly the organization valued the skilled workers who would necessary when the company introduce new small car model in 2010. For that reason the company avoided not only the cost involving laying of workers but also rehiring (Jeffrey, and Pfeffer, 2010). Secondly Holden understood the extent to which downsizing could impact the moral of the workers that are staying behind. According annual investigative industry report subsequent reductions in manpo wer have negative impact on performance (Farrell, and Mavondo, 2005). In addition Holden took involuntary downsizing with the participation and consultations of its employee. This helped Holden to minimize employee distrust on the organization. In contrary Fletcher Pty seems to care about fixing their balance sheet. The company seems to miss that the current slump in residential housing was not as result of over supply instead was due to financial crisis. The demand for residential construction is still high but it slowed down due to affordability. When the demand is high again Fletcher will be in bad position compare to its competitors. Where as Ford didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have choice it needed to cut down staff and downsize its production at Geelong plant was due to aging model of its four-wheel model and its small car was imported as the result it was necessary in long-term to downsize it business processes. There fore Ford took downsizing associated with long-term business processes restructuring (Farrell, and Mavondo, 2005). There fore its legitimate to implement downsizing in the time of crisis however it should not only focused on the current issue but the long-term strategy to gain competitive advantage in the global market. To what extent are single or multiple rationale and strategy utilised? What conclusion can you draw from these? There are circumstances in which layoffs are necessary for a firm to survive. Some time changes due to technological implementation makes downsizing feel like only solution. In the current economic crisis downsizing was a major strategy to be implemented by many organization. The external and internal pressure that generated from this crisis was the reason behind these changes. In many cases organization are mainly interested in finding an immediate solution to the crisis rather than long-term solution. This is because organizations are mainly concerned with the shareholder interest rather than the local economy or interest of employee (Burdos, 2002). In case of Holden, Ford and Fletcher downsizing was the only strategy implemented to cut cost of operation and restructuring purpose. This shows that in time crisis cost cutting is the prime target of an organization to stay competitive in the global market.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay -- Health Care

Social Problem The Problem our policy is intended to address is the lack of affordable health insurance as well as the lack of affordable health insurance to persons with pre-existing health conditions. The Extent of the social problem reaches to numbers of persons and populations in the United States. Living without health insurance are in excess of 50 million people in the United States, which is roughly equivalent to 16.7% of the population, or one in six U.S. residents (Wolf, 2010). Defining this as a problem are those most affected by the inaccessibility barrier which includes illegal immigrants, the elderly, and those persons unable to attain insurance coverage due to a pre-existing medical condition. Who disagrees? The Related Social Values pertaining to this social problem certainly center on the dignity and worth of the person. Accessibility to health care via affordable health insurance would be considered more than a civil right but indeed a matter of human rights. This problem also touches one of the key American social values, which is social responsibility. The value is self-descriptive and is opposed by the competing American social value of Individualism. In terms of social values as they relate to social work and the implication relating to the profession, the NASW, the National Association of Social Workers, outlines Social Workers’ ethical responsibilities to that of broader society (Social Work Search, 2003). The Competing Social Values would include the opposing key American social values of Individualism and Self-care whereby the focus would be on private interest instead of public purpose. This competing value is significant because in times of private interest, acquisition of essential human needs w... ...r, Henry J. Family Foundation. (2011, April 22). Re: Health Reform Implementation Timeline [website]. Retrieved from http://healthreform.kff.org/timeline.aspx Segal, E. A., & Brzuzy, S. (1998). Social values and cycles of history. In Brieland, D., Social welfare policy, programs, and practice (p. 43). USA: Peacock Publishers. Social Work Search. (2011, April 22). Re: NASW code of ethics [Website] Retrieved from http://www.socialworksearch.com/html/nasw.shtml#SOCIETY Trumbull, M. (2010, March 23). Obama signs health care bill: who won’t be covered. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0323/Obama- signs-health-care-bill-Who-won-t-be-covered Wolf, R. (2010, September 17). Number of uninsured Americans rises to 50.7 million. USA TODAY. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-09-17- uninsured17_ST_N.htm